Influence of conifer encroachment & fire on CA black oak: Research Brief

Tree  and  shrub  encroachment is  common  in  areas   where  fire  has  been  excluded,  and  has  become  a   focal  point  of  many  oak  management  and   restoration  programs. 
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Cocking, M.I., Varner, J.M., and R.L. Sherriff. 2012. California black oak responses to fire severity and native conifer encroachment in the Klamath Mountains. Forest Ecology and Management, 270: 25-34.